ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœย ย ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉย ย ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸย ย ,ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื”,ย ย ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืืกื™ื”. ืืœื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฆืžื— ืžืจืคื.ย ย ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื–'ืืง ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืคื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืกืขื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1535. ืฆืคื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœย ย ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C.ย ย 

ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช. ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1987. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืžืกืคืจ ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื”ย ย ื‘ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉย ย ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืืชืจื™ย ย ืฉืžื•ืคืง ืžืžื ื”, ืื• ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืขืย ย ืชื—ืœื™ื‘ย ย ืœืžืจื™ื—ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.ย ย 

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืชย (ย Pinus massonianaย ย ืžืืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฉืย ย ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ (ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืŸ Pinus pinaster Atlanticaย ย ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”) ื”ื™ื ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœย ย ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืจืฉื•ื ื›ืคื˜ื ื˜.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ

ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸย ย ื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ืื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Ophthalmic Research ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ย ย , ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืžืืฉืจย ย ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C,ย ย ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E,ย ย ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืืœืคื-ืœื™ืคื•ืื™ืช ื•ื’ืย ย ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ื Q10. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื” ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸย ย ื‘ื™ื•ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื,ย ย ืงื˜ื›ื™ื ื™ื,ย ย ืืคึผื™-ืงื˜ื›ื™ื ื™ื, ืคืจื•-ืฆื™ืื ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืคื ื•ืœื™ื•ืช โ€”ื—ืœืง ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื•, ืชื•ืช ืฉื“ื”, ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื ื‘ื™ื.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ

  • ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืœย ย ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C
  • ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸย ย ืœืงื˜ืจืงื˜ (ื™ืจื•ื“)
  • ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืืชย ย ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅย ย ื”ื“ื
  • ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืชย ย ื”ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืชย ย ืžื“ืœื™ื•ืช
  • ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื˜ืกื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืกื™ื•ืช (ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ,ย ย ืฉืžืŸ ื“ื’ื™ืย ย ื•ื’ืย ย ืฉืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืœ)
  • ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืงื“ื—ืช ื”ืฉื—ืช,ย ย ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื™ืื”
  • ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ย ย ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื
  • ืžืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื•ืกืช
  • ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืชย ย ืชืคืงื•ื“ย ย ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ
  • ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืข
  • ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื’ื ื ื’ื“ย ย ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– (ADHD)
  • ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชย ย ืžืขืจื›ืชย ย ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ
  • ืžืฉืคืจืช ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืคืขืชย ย ืฉื˜ืคื™ ื“ืย ย ื‘ืขื•ืจ
  • ืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจย ย ืงื•ืœื’ืŸย ย ย ย ื•ืืœืกื˜ื™ืŸย ย ื‘ืขื•ืจ

ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ Cย ย (ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืืกืงื•ืจื‘ื™ืช) ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืงืฉื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฆืคื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื“ื™ืžื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืฉื˜ืคื™ ื“ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ืœืงื•ื™, ืœืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ืœืฉื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืขืฉื ื™ื, ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืฆืคื“ื™ื ื” ืืฆืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ืฉืœื™ โ€” ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.ย ย ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸย ย ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื”, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C.ย ย 

ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื˜ืจืงื˜ (ื™ืจื•ื“)

ย ย ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ. ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ. ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืจืงื˜. ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืขืจืš ื“"ืจ ื’'. ืงื™ื ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืจืงื˜. ื’ื ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื›ืš.ย ย 

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘

ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื“ืย ย ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.ย ย ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸย ย ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจืžืชย ย ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ "ื”ืจืข", ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื™ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืกื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืงื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœย ย "ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" (HDL). ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืชย ย ื“ืœืงืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืชย ย ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืกื™ื•ืช.ย ย 

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืกื™ืžืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2012 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย European Heart Journalย ย ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื.ย ย 

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™,ย ย ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ,ย ย ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื—ื ืงืŸ ื—ื“-ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื. ื—ื ืงืŸย ย ื—ื“-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื’ื ืชื•ืจืย ย ืœื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื.

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืœื™ื•ืช

ื“ืœื™ื•ืชย ย ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ืฆืงื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย International Journal of Angiologyย ย ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ 100 ืž"ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ืฆืงื•ืช.ย ย ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.ย ย 

ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื

ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืžืชืคืชื— ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืžื“ื™. ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื‘ื—ื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืกื™ืกื˜ื•ืœื™ ืžืขืœ 140 ื•/ืื• ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื™ืืกื˜ื•ืœื™ (ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ) ืžืขืœ 90.ย ย ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2016 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Phytomedicine, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื.

ืกื•ื›ืจืช

ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-422 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืจืช. ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืื‘ื—ื ืชย ย ืกื•ื›ืจืชื”ื•ื ืจืžืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 126 ืž"ื’/ื“"ืœ (6.99 ืžื™ืœื™-ืžื•ืœ/ืœ'). ื’ื ืจืžืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื›ืจืจ ืฉืœ 6.5% ื•ืžืขืœื” ืื• ืจืžืช ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ืืงืจืื™ืช ื‘ื“ื ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 200 ืž"ื’/ื“"ืœ (11.1 ืžื™ืœื™-ืžื•ืœ/ืœ') ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื—ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื›ืจืช. ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ืจืžื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื“ืคื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืงื™ื (ื”ืคืจืขื” ืื ื“ื•ืชืœื™ืืœื™ืช), ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื—ืกื™ืžืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื, ืœืฉื‘ืฅ ืื• ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘. ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื’ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ื’ืย ย ืœืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจย ย .ย ย 

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืฉืœืงื—ื• 150 ืž"ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืžื” ื›ืคื˜ื ื˜,ย ย ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ,ย ย ืž-123 ืœ-106 ืž"ื’/ื“"ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœ-105 ืž"ื’/ื“"ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”ย ย ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ . ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2012 ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืฆื“ย ย ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C. ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœย ย ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ.

ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืกืชืžื”

ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืชย ย ื•ื’ืย ย ืืกืชืžื”ย ย ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.ย ย ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Food and Chemical Toxicologyย ย ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ื’'. ื‘ืœืงืืจื•ึน ืžืฉื ืช 2011 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ืžืชืŸ ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกืชืžื” ืืœืจื’ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช."

ืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช

ืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ืกื™ืžืชื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช (COPD) ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื’ืจืžืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืง. ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืืฉืคื–ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ COPD. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื“"ืจ ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2016 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืช ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ COPD, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ย ย ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸย ย ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ COPD.ย ย 

ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื

ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืชย ย ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ืจืก ื”ืกื—ื•ืก ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื. ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื” ื–ื•. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื, ื”ืกื—ื•ืก ืฉืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืžืชื‘ืœื”, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื•ืœื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”. ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ืย ย ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ืย ย ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื. ืื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื ื”ื™ื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย British Journal of Sports Medicineย ย ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื›ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื ื’ื“ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Journal of Medicinal Foodย ย ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ย ย ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื” ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื“ืœืงืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ,ย ย ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™,ย ย ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ,ย ย ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช."

ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช

ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืกืคื™ืจืช ื–ืจืข ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื–ืจืข ื™ืจื•ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืืฆืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™,ย ย ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ,ย ย ืขืย ย L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸย ย ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืข.ย ย 

ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœย ย ื”ืขื•ืจย ย ื•ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืฉืงื ืจืงืžื•ืช. ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื ืช ืขืœ-ืกื’ื•ืœ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื.ย ย ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸย ย ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœย ย ื”ืงื•ืœื’ืŸย ย ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ืืœืกื˜ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื ื–ืงื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ย ย ืœื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ.ย ย 

ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื

ืคืฆืขื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื“ื ืœืงื•ื™ื” ื•ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ืคืฆืขื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฆืžืฆื ื”ื•ืคืขืชย ย ืฆืœืงื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Ostomy Wound Management, ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืจื™ื—ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืฆืขื™ื.ย ย 

ื”ื™ืคืจ-ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื”

ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื›ืชืžื™ื ื›ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืจืื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ 80% ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœย ย ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ.ย ย ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2016 ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืชืžื™ ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ.ย ย 

ืคืกื•ืจื™ืื–ื™ืก

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ืžืจื™ื—ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ื ื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœย ย ืคืกื•ืจื™ืื–ื™ืกย ย . ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2014 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Panminerva medicaย ย ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืœื•. ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ืคืกื•ืจื™ืื–ื™ืก ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชย ย ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื“ื•ืœืฃย ย .

ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– (ADHD)

ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Complementary Therapies in Medicineย ย ื”ืขืœื” ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืย ย ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–,ย ย ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Trialsย ย ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• 144 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–.ย ย 

ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ

ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœย ย ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸย ย ื—ื–ืงื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•-ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ืžืืžืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืชย ย Nutrition Research and Practice, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื˜ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ

ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ, ืœืฆื“ ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ื ื›ืคื˜ื ื˜,ย ย ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”.

  • ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸย ย ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ 50 ืขื“ 250 ืž"ื’ ืคืขื ืื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.ย ย 
  • ืงืจื ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœย ย ื•ืกืจื•ื ืคื ื™ื ืขื ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™: ื™ืฉ ืœืžืจื•ื— ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชย ย 
  • ืฉืžืŸ ืืชืจื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจืŸ: ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช

ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช

ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืื ืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžื“ืœืœื™ ื“ื.

ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™,ย ย ืื• ืคื™ืงื ื•ึนื’ื ื•ึนืœยฎ, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“. ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ื. ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื ืื•ืžืจ, ืชื•ืกืคื™ื โ€” ืื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื”ื "ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ื" ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื.ย ย ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืคืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื•ืจืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื•ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.ย ย 

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

  1. Kim J, Choung S-Y. Pinus densiflora bark extract prevents selenite-induced cataract formation in the lens of Sprague Dawley rat pups. Molecular Vision. 2017;23:638-648.
  2. McGrath KCY, Li X-H, McRobb LS, Heather AK. Inhibitory Effect of a French Maritime Pine bark extract-Based Nutritional Supplement on TNF-ฮฑ-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM. 2015;2015:260530. 
  3. Eur Heart J. 2012 Jul;33(13):1589-97. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr482. Epub 2012 Jan 11. 
  4. Belcaro G. A Clinical Comparison of Pycnogenol, Antistax, and Stocking in Chronic Venous Insufficiency. The International Journal of Angiology : Official Publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc. 2015;24(4):268-274. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1556060.
  5. Int J Angiol. 2017 Sep;26(3):170-178. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1597756. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
  6.  Complement Ther Med. 2017 Feb;30:14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 18.
  7.  Phytother Res. 2013 Oct;27(10):1572-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4883. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
  8.  Pipingas, A., Silberstein, R. B., Vitetta, L., Rooy, C. V., Harris, E. V., Young, J. M., Frampton, C. M., Sali, A. and Nastasi, J. (2008), Improved cognitive performance after dietary supplementation with a Pinus radiata bark extract Formulation. Phytother. Res., 22: 1168โ€“1174. doi:10.1002/ptr.2388
  9.  Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:681-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.09.032. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
  10. Panminerva Med. 2011 Sep;53(3 Suppl 1):57-64.
  11.  J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:412-420. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.029. Epub 2016 Oct 8.
  12. Ko J-W, Shin N-R, Park S-H, et al. Pine bark extract (Pycnogenolยฎ) suppresses cigarette smoke-induced fibrotic response via transforming growth factor-ฮฒ1/Smad family member 2/3 signaling. Laboratory Animal Research. 2017;33(2):76-83. doi:10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.76.
  13. Liu X, Machado GC, Eyles JP, et al  Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Br J Sports Med Published Online First: 10 October 2017. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097333
  14. Journal of  Medicinal Food. 2017 Aug 24. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0015. [Epub ahead of print]
  15. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2015 Sep 30;87(3):190-3. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2015.3.190.
  16. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2017 Apr;63(4):41-47.
  17. Panminerva Med. 2014 Mar;56(1):41-8.
  18. Complement Ther Med. 2017 Feb;30:14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Nov 18.
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