ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช. ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ ืงื•ืจื˜.1

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ืฉืชื•ืคืจืฉ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืงื‘ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื™ ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื‘ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ, ืฉื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ {LRM}Cื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ {LRM}Dืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืชื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช, ืฉืขื•ืงืคืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.2

ืืžื ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื—ืงืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. 

ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืจื•ืงื—ื•ึผืช ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1970. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1990. ืื ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.

ืžื”ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื?

ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžื ื™ื, ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ื“ื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ. ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื ื”ืชื. 

ื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืื™ื ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื›ืœื™ื ืชืื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื•ื–ืœ ืื• ื’ื– ื•ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืกื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืขื ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ.

ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ (ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืกืคื˜ื™ื“ื™ืœ-ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ), ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื–ืจื–ื™ื ืืช ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื. ืคื•ืกืคื˜ื™ื“ื™ืœ-ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืคื•ืกืคื•ืœื™ืคื™ื“ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืคืขื™ืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ื, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืขื“ ื‘ื• ื”ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช.1

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืกืคื’ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืกืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C. ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืกืคื’ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืื• ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ {LRM}C ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.3

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื

ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืžื—ืงื™ื ืืช ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืืช, ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื” ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ื•ืžืฆืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื.4

ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” "ืขื•ื™ื ืช" ื”ืžืคืจืงืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืกืคื’ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™. ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ื ืžื’ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืื• ืžืกื™ืกื™ ืžื™ื. ื›ืš, ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ืจื‘-ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.

ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.2

ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ: ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช. 

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืจื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื™ ื”ื“ื•-ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชื ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ืกืคื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื’ืœื•ื˜ืชื™ื•ืŸ

ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืชื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื˜ืชื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื–ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”.5

NMN

NMN (ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื•-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“) ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช NAD (ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืื“ื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“), ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืชืื™ื. ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืžื•ืช NAD ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื”.6

ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ NMN ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืกื ืชื•ื– NAD. NAD, ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช.7 ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ NMN ื”ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช.8

ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ืžื™ืŸ

ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืžื•ืคืง ืžื›ื•ืจื›ื•ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืœื‘.9 ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืœื ื ืกืคื’ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,10 ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืžื”ื™ืจ.11 ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช.12 ื›ื•ืจื›ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืœื™ืคื•ืคื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ื“ืจืช ื“ืจืš ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.11 

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืชื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคื•ืžื™ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ืœืงื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ืช ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื•ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.3 

ืื‘ืฅ

ืื‘ืฅ ื”ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืงื•ืจื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืื•ืชื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื• ืžืชื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื•ืกืช ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขื•ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืื‘ืฅ ื’ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืงืœ ื‘ืื‘ืฅ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.13

ืื‘ืฅ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก.14 ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืื‘ืฅ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื•ื‘ืจื–ืœ.15 ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืฅ ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.

ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื‘ืงื” ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืื• ื ื•ื–ืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”. ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืคื— ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ื˜ืขื, ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืขื ืžื™ื ืื• ืžื™ืฅ ืื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช, ืื•ืชืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ ืžื“ืฃ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืื‘ืงื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื˜ืขื. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื•ื˜ืชื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื ื•ื–ืœ, ื›ืš ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ืื‘ืงื” ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ื ื•ื—ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ืื•ืชื ืœืœื ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืขืจื™ืช. ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืื ืืชื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช.

ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘

ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ:

ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื•. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืชืื™ื.4 ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ื ืž-236 ืœ-97 ื "ืž ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชืื™ื ืคื™ 9.16

ืชืื™ื ืœื ื™ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™, ืื• ืœื ื™ืงืœื˜ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืžื•ืช. ื—ืคืฉื• ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื ื•-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ 150 ื "ืž.

ืคื•ื˜ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืืกื“ืจื” ืขืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ื–ื•ืžืœื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื. ื—ืคืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช. 

ืชื• cGMP (ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ืื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื) ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืืกื“ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื–ืง, ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื”ืจ.17

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:  

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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“