ืžื”ื• ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜? 

ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ืืฃ ืฉืžื ืงื” ืืช ื”ืจื™ืจ ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ ื•ืžื”ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื (ืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื). ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜. ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ืขื ืžื™ ืžืœื— ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™. ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืฃ ืฉืžื”ืŸ ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืื™ืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ื™ืฉื ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜. ืืžื ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ ืžืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ืžืจื™ืจ. 

  • ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืจื’ื™ืœ: ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืžืงื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืœื ื—ื™ืจ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืžื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœืฆื“ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืžื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื–ืจื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื ื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ื”ืจื™ืจ ื‘ืืฃ ื•ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ.
  • ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืœื—ื™ืฅ: ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆืžื“ืช ืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืœื ื—ื™ืจ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื–ืงื•ืฃ ื•ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ื ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
  • ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™: ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ืืฃ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื–ืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ื—ื™ืจ, ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื™ืกื” ืœืืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื. ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื“ืืœื™ืช ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•. 

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜

ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ืง ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื ืฉื™ืžื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืืฃ ื•ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช.

ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ

ืื‘ืง, ืœื›ืœื•ืš, ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ืจื™ืจ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืฃ ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช ืื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืขื•ื ืชื™ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื’ืจื“ ื‘ืืฃ, ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. 

ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืœืงืช

ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืืฃ. ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงืฉื™ื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืจ, ืžื” ืฉื™ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ื™ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื

ืื ืกื‘ืœืชื ืื™-ืคืขื ืžื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื, ืื– ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ืคื•ืขื ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื. ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื™ืจ ื•ืžื“ืœืงืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืืฃ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืขื ืชืžื™ืกืช ืžืœื— ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืจ ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช, ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืœืง ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”

ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืืฃ ื•ื”ื’ืจื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ื”ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช, ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืืฃ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื’ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื”.

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืืœืจื’ื™ื•ืช

ื’ืจื“ ื•ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืฃ ื”ื ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืจื’ื™ื”. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืฉื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืื™-ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ืœืืœืจื’ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ืžื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ืืช ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ื ื—ื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืกืœืงืช ืืœืจื’ื ื™ื. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืœืจื’ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช

ื”ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืฃ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื. ืืžื ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืจื™ืจ, ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืœืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื. ืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช. 

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืจื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜. 

  1. ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ืขื™ืงื•ืจ: ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ืืฃ ื•ืœืขืงืจ ืื•ืชื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ. 
  2. ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื ืื• ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžื•ื–ื’ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื ืื• ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื. ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืื• ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ื. ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžื™ื ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ื‘ืจื– ืžื•ืจืชื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงืจืจื• ืขื“ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ. 
  3. ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื—: ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืœื— ืœืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ืกืช ืžืœื—. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืงื™ืงื™ ืžืœื— ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื–ื•. ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ืืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืชืžื™ืกืช ืžืœื—, ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืœื•ื. 
  4. ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ: ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื ื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœื›ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ืชื™ื›ื ืก ืœื ื—ื™ืจ ื•ืชืฆื ืžื”ื ื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืœื—ื™ืฅ ืื• ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื–ืงื•ืฃ. ืœืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื. 

ืื™ืš ืœื ืงื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜

ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื ืงื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื›ืœื™ื. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืคื™ื”, ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื–ื”ื ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื™ืคื”. ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื–ืช ืžื’ื‘ืช ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ืื• ืžื’ื‘ืช ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ืช. ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™, ื ืงื• ืืช ื”ื–ืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคื“ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืชื ื• ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืื—ืกื•ื ื• ืื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื•. 

ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜

ืืžื ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช. ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ. ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืžืœื— ื‘ืชืžื™ืกื”. ืืžื ื ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ืื ืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™. 

ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ื™ืฉื ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืœื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืื• ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืœื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ื‘ืจื– ืœื ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื“ื™ืžื•ื ืžื”ืืฃ, ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื—ืœืœ ื”ืืฃ. 

ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ ืชืžื™ืกื” ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ืกืช ืžืœื— ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืฉืงื™ืงื™ ืžืœื— ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืžื™ืกืช ื”ืžืœื— ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื: 

  1. ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืœืœื ื™ื•ื“ ืขื ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”. ื›ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. 
  2. ืื—ืจื™ ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืœื— ืขื ื”ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื›ืคื™ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืœ-240 ืž"ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื. ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ืงืจื™ื, ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื ืื• ืžื•ืจืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื. 
  3. ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœื”ืžืกืช ื”ืžืœื—. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืžื ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ืกืก ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. 

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”

ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืœืื•ืจ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™, ื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืœื ืžืจืฉื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช, ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื˜ื™ืก. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืื™-ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืื• ื”ืฆื˜ื ื ื•ืช ืื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืืคื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืืœืจื’ื™ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื˜ื™ ืคื•ื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ! 

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Succar EF, Turner JH, Chandra RK. Nasal saline irrigation: a clinical update. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2019;9(S1):S4-S8. 
  2. King D, Mitchell B, Williams CP, Spurling GK. Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD006821.