ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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9 תוספים פופולריים לספורטאים—האם הם יכולים לעזור למקסם את הביצועים?

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ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ืื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื•, ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ืช, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช.

9 ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช

  1. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
  2. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื
  3. ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื
  4. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ
  5. ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
  6. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื
  7. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื
  8. ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืคื™ืœื•ืช
  9. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”

4 ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช

ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืคื—ื•ืช 150 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœื ืจืง ืชื•ืจื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื•ื—, ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ, ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.  

ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช:  

  • ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช (ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื•ืจื™ืฆื” ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื”, ื˜ื ื™ืก)
  • ื›ื•ื— (ื”ืจืžืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืจืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช)
  • ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ (ื™ื•ื’ื”, ืกืงื•ื•ืื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช, ืคืœืื ืง ื•ื›ื“')
  • ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช (ืžื›ืจืขื™ื, ืžืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจ ืžื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ืจืš ื•ื›ื“')

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช

ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ื”ื’ื™ืข  ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืชื•ื ื” ืขื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืืฆืœ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื". ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืกื“ื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื  ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื— ื‘ืฉื ื’ื•ืจื ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ ืžื•ื—ื™ (BNDF), ืื• ืื‘ึผืจื™ื ื•ื™ืจื™ืŸ. ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืื™ื‘-ืืœืŸ ื‘ืืจื“ื” ื•ื”ื ืก ืช'ื•ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1982. BNDF ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื•ื— ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš-ื˜ื•ื•ื—.  

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2010  ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืช ืกื“ื™ืจื” ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฉื‘, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014,  ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ BDNF ืชื•ืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ืคืกื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—. ืกื™ื ืคืกื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื™ ืขืฆื‘. ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.  

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2016  ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœื ืจืง ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื•ืžื—ืœืช ืคืจืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ. ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.

9 ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช

ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื ืจืื” ืžื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.

ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ

ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ  ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช "ืœื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช" ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื–ื• ืœื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ืงืจื ื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืงืจื ื•ื–ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืžืก. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื?  

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017  ื‘ื“ืง 23 ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ ื’'ื•ื“ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ. ืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’'ื•ื“ื• ืืฆืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ". ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013  ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.  

ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2017,  ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ื ืจืื” ืฉืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคืจ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืืžืฅ ื•ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช"

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2018  ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 60 ื”ื‘ื™ื "ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื•ื ืฆืคืชื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช." ืชื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช.

ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช

ื•ืืœื™ืŸ, ืื™ื–ื•ืœื•ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืœื•ื™ืฆื™ืŸ (BCAA)

ื•ืืœื™ืŸ, ืื™ื–ื•ืœื•ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืœื•ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื  ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช (BCAA), ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืขืฃ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื BCAA ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ, ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ.  

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ:  

  • ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ
  • ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ  
  • ืชื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืงืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ
  • ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช  

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื•ื, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื, ื“ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื–ืจืขื™ื. ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื•ื ื›-2-4 ื’ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉืขื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื”, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช.  

ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ

ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ  ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืจื™ืžื™ ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช. ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-1990. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ื—. ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2003  ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืจืžืช ืขื•ืžืก ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2011  ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื, ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื’ืœื™ืงื•ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช.

L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ

L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ  ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื•. ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื. L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืื“ื•ื, ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžื—ืฆื”, ืื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืชื ืื™. L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœืŸ ืฉืœ NO, ื—ื ืงืŸ ื—ื“-ื—ืžืฆื ื™, ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื”.  

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ื™ L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื.  

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2015  ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืขืคื•ืช-ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื•ื’ื L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2002  ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืœืงื˜ื™ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืื•ืžืฆืช.  

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2021  ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ L-ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช VO2 ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื." ื–ื”ื• ืžื“ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช.  

L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ

L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ  ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื”. L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 1995  ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช.  

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2006  ื”ืจืื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื™ืื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• 2 ื’ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืืœื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื’ืœื•ืœืช ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืฆืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ืžื“ื“ื• ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืœืงื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2000  ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ L-ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช.

ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช.

ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ

ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ  ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืืžื™ื ื• "ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื’ื ื™ืช", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง.  

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืื•ืžืฆืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.  

ืืžื ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื›ืžื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืื• ืžื—ืœื”, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขืงื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™, ื•ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื—ืฅ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ.  

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ, ื“ื’ื™ื, ื›ืจื•ื‘, ืชืจื“, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ื˜ื•ืคื•, ืขื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ืขื™ืช. ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืชื•ืกืคื™ื: ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช.

ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงื“ื-ืื™ืžื•ืŸ

ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื  ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงื“ื-ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื›ืžื•  ืืฉืœื’ืŸ,  ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื">ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ื ืชืจืŸ ื•ื’ื  ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆืช B. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ  ืงืจื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ,  ื‘ื˜ื-ืืœื ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื  ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ.  ืงืคืื™ืŸ  ื•ื’ื  ื˜ืื•ืจื™ืŸ  ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื–ืจื™ืงืช ืžืจืฅ ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืงืคืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงื“ื-ืื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ื ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ื.  

ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013  ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ืช 2013  ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืืงื•ื˜ื™ืช ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืฉื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื." ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื›ื• ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช.  

ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžืฉืงื” ืงื“ื-ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื’ืจืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.  

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื  ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืงื•-ืคืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื ื–ื™ืžื˜ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-350 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื

ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื” (ื›ืžื• ืื•ืžืคืจื–ื•ืœ, ืคื ื˜ื•ืคืจื–ื•ืœ, ืจื ื™ื˜ื™ื“ื™ืŸ) ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื (ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืจื•ืกืžื™ื“, ื˜ืจื™ืืžื˜ืจืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ืจื•-ื›ืœื•ืจื•-ืชื™ืื–ื™ื“).  

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื:

  • ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื
  • ืขื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืขืคืขืคื™ื™ื
  • ืคืœืคื™ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘
  • ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช
  • ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช ืจื’ื™ื–ื”

ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื–ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื. ื’ื ืœื—ืฅ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืžื•ืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื, ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืงื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื.

ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืฆื‘ื™ืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื (ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืืกืคืจื˜ื˜, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืœืื˜) ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 125 ืขื“ 500 ืž"ื’. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื’ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื–ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.  

ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”

ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”  ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืื• ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืืจื•ื—ื”. ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืฉืจื™ืจื ื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”:

  • ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ
  • ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ
  • ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื
  • ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื
  • ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื
  • ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ
  • ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืจืขืœื ื™ื  
  • ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉืง ืœืื›ื•ืœ

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2017  ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืจืฆื™ ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2018 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช British Journal of Sports Medicine  ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืขื ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ื•ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœืฉื™ื™ืง ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข.

ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ: ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

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  2. Etnier JL, Wideman L, Labban JD, Piepmeier AT, Pendleton DM, Dvorak KK, Becofsky K. The Effects of Acute Exercise on Memory and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016 Aug;38(4):331-340.
  3. Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Hoffman BM, et al. Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(3):239-252.
  4. Leal G, Comprido D, Duarte CB. BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology. 2014 Jan;76 Pt C:639-56
  5. Walsh JJ, Tschakovsky ME. Exercise and circulating BDNF: Mechanisms of release and implications for the design of exercise interventions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018 Nov;43(11):1095-1104.
  6. Rethorst CD, Trivedi MH. Evidence-based recommendations for the prescription of exercise for major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Pract. 2013 May;19(3):204-12.
  7. de Andrade Kratz C, de Salles Painelli V, de Andrade Nemezio KM, da Silva RP, Franchini E, Zagatto AM, Gualano B, Artioli GG. Beta-alanine supplementation enhances judo-related performance in highly-trained athletes. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Apr;20(4):403-408.
  8. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013 Dec;23(6):562-70.
  9. Berti Zanella P, Donner Alves F, Guerini de Souza C. Effects of beta-alanine supplementation on performance and muscle fatigue in athletes and non-athletes of different sports: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Sep;57(9):1132-1141.
  10. Furst T, Massaro A, Miller C, Williams BT, LaMacchia ZM, Horvath PJ. ฮฒ-Alanine supplementation increased physical performance and improved executive function following endurance exercise in middle aged individuals. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018 Jul 11;15(1):32.
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  14. L-arginine reduces exercise-induced increase in plasma lactate and ammonia. Schaefer A, Piquard F, Geny B, Doutreleau S, Lampert E, Mettauer B, Lonsdorfer J Int J Sports Med. 2002 Aug; 23(6):403-7.
  15. Rezaei S, Gholamalizadeh M, Tabrizi R, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Rastgoo S, Doaei S. The effect of L-arginine supplementation on maximal oxygen uptake: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Rep. 2021 Feb;9(3):e14739. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14739. PMID: 33587327; PMCID:PMC7883807.
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  19. Legault Z, Bagnall N, Kimmerly DS. The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Oct;25(5):417-26.
  20. Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE. The metabolic and performance effects of caffeine compared to coffee during endurance exercise. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e59561.
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  22. J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 Oct 31:1-11. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1344591. Benefits of Whey Protein
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  24. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018 Mar;52(6):376-384.

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“