ืžื”ื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™?

ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ืื• ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ื•ืคืจืชื™, ื”ื•ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช ื•ื—ืžืฆืŸ. ื”ืžืจืงื ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžืœื— ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื’ื ืื ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืžืœื—", ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืœื— ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื” ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืœืืคื™ื™ื” ืื• ืœืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืฉืชื. 

ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžื•ืคืง ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžื™ื ืžืื’ืžื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ื•ืคืจืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. 

ื”ื ืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1618 ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืืคืกื•ื, ื”ื ืžืฆืืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช-ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ. ื”ื ืจื™ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืขื“ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืŸ ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืจื™ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืœื— ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื•ืจืขืŸ. ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื›ืฉื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืชื›ื™ื ื•ืคืฆืขื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•. 

ืืžื ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื™ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“! 

ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื

ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘, ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-600 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื ืžื”ื›ื‘ื“.1,2 ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-50% ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื.3  

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2, ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืขื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืช, ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก, ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช, ื—ื•ืœืฉื”, ื—ืจื“ื”, ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืคืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืกืชืžื”. 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื“ืœืขืชื–ืจืขื™ ืฆ'ื™ื”ืฉืงื“ื™ืืื’ื•ื–ื™ ืงืฉื™ื•, ืชืจื“, ืฉืขื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื”ื—ืžืืช ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ืืื•ืจื– ื—ื•ื ื•ื’ื ืกืœืžื•ืŸ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช, ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืื• ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™! 

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™

ืžื” ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื? ื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœื•. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืื‘ื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื

ืœืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื. ื›ืฉืืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืกื•ืคื’ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืจ. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื‘ืฆืงื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื. 

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช

ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืœืฉืœืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื” ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ืœื ื˜ื™ืœื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”, ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื›ืคื™ืช ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื ื ื™ื. ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื ืกื• ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™! ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื—ืžื™ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืœืจื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืฆื•ืื”, ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืชืงื™ื ื”. 

ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช. 

ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืชื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”.4 ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื”, ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช. 

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘

ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื™ืจ, ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ืœื‘. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ืœืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2, ืœื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.5 ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืงืฆื‘ ืœื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืืฉืœื’ืŸ ื•ื ืชืจืŸ ื“ืจืš ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื™ื. ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื‘. 

ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื ืžื”ื›ื‘ื“

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช, ืฉื ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจืขืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ืจืขืœื™ื.  ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื, ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจืขืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืคืจืฉืช ืจืขืœื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ืจืš ืฉืชืŸ, ืฆื•ืื” ื•ื–ื™ืขื”.6

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื ืงื”

ื›ืฉืื™ืฉื” ืžื ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžืœืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ ืื, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื. ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ืื‘ื™ื. ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื. ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื”, ื”ื ืงื” ืื• ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื. 

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืกืชื™ืžืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ื ืงื”

ื›ืฉื ืฉืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื’ื•ื“ืฉ, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื›ืš ืกืชื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืชื. ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื”, ื”ื ืงื” ืื• ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื“ื™ื™ื. 

ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืœืฉืœืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช, ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ. ืœืคื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”, ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช. 

ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™

ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ืžืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื›ื ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื™ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื™ืช. 

ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™

ื™ืฉ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื›ื–ื•. ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ืขื ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืžืกืชื•. ืืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื’'ืงื•ื–ื™ ืื• ืœืืžื‘ื˜ ืขื™ืกื•ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืœื— ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกืชื•ื ืื•ืชื ืื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื˜ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ืขื“ 30 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื• ืขื“ ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™.

ืœื”ืจืคื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืกื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžืœื— ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืฉืžื ื™ื ืืชืจื™ื™ื. ื”ืฉืžื ื™ื ื”ืืชืจื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™:

ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื™ื•ืคื™

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืกืงืจืื‘ ืžืœื— ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืœื”ืกืจืช ืชืื™ ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื™ื, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื“ื ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื™ืžืคื”. 

ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืงืจืื‘ ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื:

ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื”:

ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงืขืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืœืฆื ืฆื ืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขื ืกื’ื™ืจื” ื”ืจืžื˜ื™ืช. ืื—ืกื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื™ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืชื•ืš ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. 

ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืกืงืจืื‘ ืžืœื—

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ

ื›ืŸ! ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืืคืกื•ื, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช, ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืจื—ื™ื. "ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื–ืจืขื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ื˜, ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื•ืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื ืงืŸ." ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื” ื›ื™ "ื’ื ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ืœืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื."7  

ื™ืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ื•ืืช ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœืžืคื•ืืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™:

  • ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข: ืคื–ืจื• ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ 10 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข, ืื• ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืคื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื.
  • ืฆืžื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืช: ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ ื›ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ื›-4 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืงื• ืืช ืฆืžื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• ืื—ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ. 
  • ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื—ื™ื: ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื›ืฃ ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืคื–ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. 

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ 

ื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืžืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ, ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื™ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™!

  • ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื: ื”ืžื™ืกื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™. 
  • ืืžื‘ื˜ ืœื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื: ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืกืœืง ืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ื ืขื™ืžื™ื.
  • ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงื•ืฆื™ื: ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื•ืฅ.
  • ื”ืจื—ืงืช ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื•ืช: ืคื–ืจื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ื ื”. 
  • ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืกื™ื™ืจื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืชื•ืช: ืคื–ืจื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขืœ ืกื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื‘ืชื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืจืคื• ืื• ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืคืฉื•ืฃ.
  • ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”: ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœืžื™ ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
  • ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™: ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. 
  • ืœื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื›ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื›ืฃ ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, ืœืฆื“ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื‘ื• ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
  • ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืืจื™ื—ื™ื: ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงืจืฆืฃ ื•ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืจื™ื—ื™ื.
  • ื”ืกืจืช ื›ืชืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ื: ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื›ื•ืก ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™, 1/2 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•-1/4 ื›ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืช ื›ืชืžื™ื ืžืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ื. 
  • ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ!

ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืจืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœื’ื™ื ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“! 

ืื™ืš ืืชื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™? 

ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื“ื™. ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืžื•ึผื›ึผืจืช ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื‘ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ืื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื, ืžืœื— ืื ื’ืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื. 

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Grรถber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy. Nutrients. 2015;7(9):8199. 
  2. de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2015;95(1):1-46. 
  3. Razzaque MS. Magnesium: Are We Consuming Enough? Nutrients. 2018;10(12). 
  4. Zhang Y, Chen C, Lu L, et al. Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study. Sleep. 2022;45(4). 
  5. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื Health Professional Fact Sheet. Accessed March 10, 2024. 
  6. Liu M, Yang H, Mao Y. Magnesium and liver disease. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(20):578-578. 
  7. Gardening with Epsom Salt. Epsom Salt Council. Accessed March 11, 2024.