ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”. ื–ื”ื• ืฆืžื— ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขื ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืœื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.  ื”ืžืจืคืื™ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื’ืœื™ืงื•ึนื–ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™-ื˜ืจืคึผืŸ, ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.

ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช. ื’ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช. ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช — ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื, ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ื’ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืืžืจ.

ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช

ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 45 ืขื“ 55 ืฉื ื”, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื 50 ืฉื ื”. ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืื™ืฉื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช, ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื, ืืš ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื”. ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช:

  • ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื ืจืชื™ืง
  • ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื
  • ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจื•ืช
  • ื”ื–ืขืช ืœื™ืœื”
  • ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”
  • ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—
  • ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ
  • ื ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืขืจ
  • ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ

ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช ืžืชืคืชื— ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ื’ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื.   ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ืœ 50 ืฉื ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื’ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืื™ืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืจื—ื ืžืœืื”, ืื• ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืžื—ืœื” ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™.

ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื™. ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื—ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ "ืžืจืื” ืฆืขื™ืจ". ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ืฉื ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžื“ืื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืื–.

ืืžื ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืžื“ื™ื (ืคืจืžืืจื™ืŸ®) ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ  ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ื•ื”ืฉื—ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืื™ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฆื ื—ื•, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืจืฉื•ื ื’ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืคืœื•ึผืื•ึนืงืกื˜ื™ืŸ (ืคืจื•ึนื–ืง) ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช.

ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื

ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืžืจื™ืœื ื“ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช. ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช 120 ื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ื•ื”ื–ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืคืœื•ึผืื•ึนืงืกื˜ื™ืŸ. ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2010, ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 26% ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ื•ื”ื–ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื—ื™ืœืงื• 351 ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื 45-55 ืœื—ืžืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืชื•ืกืฃ ืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ืœืื—ืจ 12 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื”/ื”ืคืœืฆื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืคืœืฆื‘ื• ืœืืœื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืฆืžื—ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ ืขื ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืกื•ื™ื” ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ.  

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ "ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื›ืชืจื•ืคื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื–ื•ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช". ื‘ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืชืจื•ืคืช ื”ืžืจืฉื ื˜ืžื•ืงืกื™ืคืŸ (ืกื•ืœื˜ืžื•ืงืก) ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื ื•ื”ื–ืขื”, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื—ืจื“ื”.

ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงืœื•ืช ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช.  ืื ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืขืœืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื•. ืืžื ื ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืชื• ืœืฉื’ืจืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”

ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”. ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื "ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช" ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืืจื•ืš.  ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื–ืจ ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืกื˜ืจืก ื•ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื”. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ื—ื™ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืคืœืฆื‘ื•. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืกื•ื›ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื”.  

ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ื˜ืžื•ืงืกื™ืคืŸ ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”. ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขืืžืœื˜ื•ื ื™ืŸ, ืชื•ืกืฃ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื”.

ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช

ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช (PCOS) ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื ื“ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ืช, ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจ, ืœืืงื ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืขืงืจื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืื‘ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื, ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืชืคื•ื—ื”, ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2014 ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ PCOS. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

ืžืฆืžืฆื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืขืฆื ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก

ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-85 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืคืŸ, ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-200 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก. ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืืš ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก, ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก.

ืื ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื‘ืจื™ื. ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™ืช ื’ื™ืœ ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื — ืืžื ื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกื™ื’ ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื—ืžืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D, ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื . ื’ื ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Chemistry and Biology ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืขืฆื. ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืข: ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ 25-ืืฆื˜ื™ืœ-ืกื™ืžื™ื’ื ื•ึนืœ ืงืกื™ืœื•ึน-ืคื™ืจืื ื•ึนื–ื™ื“ (ACCX ), ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืกื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืงืœืืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉืจื™ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ RANKL ืื• TNF-ืืœืคื. ืžืกืงื ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืขื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื“ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืขืฆื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 2010 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Planta Medica ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื—ืจื“ื”

ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื, ื•ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ืจื“ื”. ื—ืจื“ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงืจื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืชืงืคื™ ื—ืจื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื ื”ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ.

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช British Medical Journal, ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ืืœืคืจืื–ื•ืœื (ื–ื ืงืก), ืœื•ืจืื–ืคื (ืœื•ืจื™ื‘ืŸ) ื•ื“ื™ืื–ืคื (ื•ืœื™ื•ื) ื ืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื•ืŸ. ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื—ืจื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘-2007 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื”. (ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืคืจืข.) ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื” ื˜ืžื•ืงืกื™ืคืŸ ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2018 ื’ื ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

ื”ืื ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“?

ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช ืฉื—ืœื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ืŸ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืœื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2014, ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“ ืื• ืกื‘ืœื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื•ืงื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืŸ ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2011 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Menopause ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1,100 ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื’ืžื• ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“.  ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2018 ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช Climacteric ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ (HRT) ืื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.

ืฉืืœื• ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื”ืื ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืŸ

ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ. ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืงืจ. ื’ื ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืงื•ื”ื•ืฉ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ืœื•ืŸ ื•ืกืช, ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืฉื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•, ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ื–ื”.

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

Special thanks to Shelby Campbell, BS  who helped with researching information for this article

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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“