ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืกื˜ืจืก ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืื•ื“. ื›ืš, ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ืืฆืœ ื›-264 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2005 ืขื“ 2015 ื—ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ 14.9% ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ืจื“ื”.

ืืžื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžืคื—ื™ื“, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“.

ื”ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ืข ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืžืœื ืฉืœื”. ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื— ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš โ€” ืขื ื“ืื’ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ โ€” ืžื•ื ืข ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื“, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ื ืฉืืจ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื”ื“ืื’ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœืกื˜ืจืก ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืจื“ืชื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื• ืœื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.

ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”, ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืกื˜ืจืก ื•ืœืคื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืชื ืื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื“ืื’ื” ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ. ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืœื—ืจื“ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืจื’ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ.

ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื”

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื“ืื’ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืจื“ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžื ื˜ืจืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™:

  • ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื
  • ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืข ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช
  • ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกืงืจื ื™ืช, ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื

ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ื“ืื’ื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืกื˜ืจืก ื•ื—ืจื“ื”.

ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื

ืืžื ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ืจื“ื” ืจืง ืœื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื”ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืชืช-ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื ืงืฉืจืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื”.ย ย 

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ืจื“ื”:

  • ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื
  • ืื‘ืฅ
  • ื‘ืจื–ืœ
  • ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ืย ย ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ ื“ืœืงืช ืฉืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-300 ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื— ืžืื•ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื›ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจืžืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื, ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืื‘ื—ื ืชื™ืช. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืื™ื, ื•ืจืžืชื• ื‘ื“ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.

ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืžืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ืจื“ื”. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืืจืชื™ ืืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืกื˜ืจืก ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื ืจืœ ื–ื”. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ืกื˜ืจืก.

ืื‘ืฅ

ืื‘ืฅย ย ื”ื•ื ืื‘ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ื’ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื™ื— ืœืžื“ื™. ืœืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืฅ. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืื‘ืฅ ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืฅ.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืฅ ื ืงืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื—ืจื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื‘ืฅ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ืฆืคืชื” ืงื•ืจืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ืื‘ืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืฅ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ. ืืžื ื ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืฅ ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ื›ื™ ืื‘ืฅ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”.

ื‘ืจื–ืœ

ื‘ืจื–ืœย ย ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืœืชืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจื–ืœ ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื”. ื›ืš, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืคื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ืจื“ื”. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื’ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื‘ื—ืŸ. ื›-2% ืžื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ 10% ืขื“ 20% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื–ื”. ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื•ื’ื ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.

ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ

ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ื ื•ย ย ื”ืŸ ืื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.ย ย ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸย ย ื•ื’ืย ย ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸย ย ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• "ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—.

ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื”. ื—ื ืงืŸ ื—ื“-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ืื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ืืžื ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื ืงืŸ ื—ื“-ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืขืงื”. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืขืงื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืกื˜ืจืก.

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืขืงื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื ืจืžืช ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื ืจืžืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ืจืื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืขื ืœื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื’ื™ื ื™ืŸ. ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืกื˜ืจืก ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ื”ื—ืจื“ื”.

4 ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ืจื“ื”

ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื”.ย ย 

ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”

ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”ย ย ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื— ืขื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื ื’ื“ ืกื˜ืจืก ื•ื—ืจื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ืขืจื›ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื“ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืžื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื“ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”.

ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื”

ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื”ย ย ื”ื™ื ืฆืžื— ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ืื™ื•ืจื•ื•ื“ื”. ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื ื•ืก ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื’ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื‘ื“ื”. ื’ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ืกื˜ืจืก ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื”. ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืขืงื”.

ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื”. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื” ื’ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื’ื ืขื ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื’ื ืขื ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช.

ื’ื™ื ืงื• ื“ื•-ืื•ื ืชื™

ื’ื™ื ืงื• ื“ื•-ืื•ื ืชื™ย ย ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืืกื™ื”. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืžืื•ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™", ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื’ื™ื ืงื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื’ื“ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื’ื™ื ืงื• ื“ื•-ืื•ื ืชื™ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื’ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ื’ื™ื ืงื• ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื“ืžื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช, ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”.

ืื‘ืœ ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื’ื™ื ืงื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื’ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขืช ื—ืจื“ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื“ื” ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื™ื ืงื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื’ื™ื ืงื• ื ืกื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ

ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸย ย ื™ืฉ ืจื™ื— ื“ื•ื—ื” ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™. ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื–ืขื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ืจื™ื— ืจืข, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ืจื“ื”. ืืžื ื ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ ืขืย ย ืคืจืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”. ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ืจื“ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื.

ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืฆืžื— ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื ืงืฉืจื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื”, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืœืจื™ืืŸ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“.

ืžืกืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”

ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืœืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ืœืžื“ื™. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื.

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