ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ.

ืื™ืš ืœื ืงื•ืช ืืช ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืจื—ืฆืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืืกืชืžื” ื•ืคืจื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ.

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืขื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืชืœื˜ื™ื. ืคืชืœื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืคืชืœื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื›ืš, ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืง ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ 9 ืคืชืœื˜ื™ื ืืฆืœ 163 ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ 81% ืžื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœ-7 ืคืชืœื˜ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื•ืจืก ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืชื—ืœื™ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืžืคื•ืื™ื.

ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืžืคื• ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจื—ืฆืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจื—ืฆื” ืขื ืชืจื—ื™ืฅ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฅ ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืจ (TEWL).

TEWL ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชืื“ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื“ืจืš ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืขื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืœื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ. ืืžื ื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืชื—ืช ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืง, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘-TEWL. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ 

TEWL ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื.

ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื”

ืืžื ื ืจื—ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœืจื—ืฆืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื. ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆืžื—ื™. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื. ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื” ืœืœื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืงืฆืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืืš ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืœื›ืœื•ืš ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช (ื”-pH) ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘-24-48 ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง. ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื’ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื ืงื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช.

ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ 4-6 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืงืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื”.

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช 3 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ืคื’ื™ื ื›ืœ 4 ื™ืžื™ื ืœืœื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ.

ืื™ืš ืœืœื—ื— ืืช ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื” ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืื–ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืชืคืงื“ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ.

ื™ืฉ ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืœื™ื—ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืงืจื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช vernix caseosa. ื”ืงืจื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืขื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”, ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื—ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื™ืžื™ืช, ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ ืœื›ืš ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืœื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขื“ 90 ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื™ื“ื”.

ื”ืขื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžืจ ืœื—ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคืงื“ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืœื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ื•ืœื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื“ืœืง, ืื• ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืขื•ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžื•ื“ืœืง ื“ืœืงืช ืขื•ืจ ืื˜ื•ืคื™ืช ื•ืืงื–ืžื”. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืขื“ 28% ืžื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืงื–ืžื” ื‘-6 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื. ืืงื–ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ืขื•ืจ ืขื ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ืจื“, ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ืคืจื™ื—ื”. ืžื—ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ื’ื ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ื’ื™ืจื•ื“ ืžื•ืคืจื–, ื•ื’ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืขื•ืจ.

ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืืงื–ืžื”. ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ืื”ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืชืื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืขื“ 30-50% ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื. ื”ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืขื•ืจ. ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ-ืคืœืฆื‘ื• ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืงืจื ืขื ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืจื™ื—ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืœื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืขื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืš 24 ืฉืขื•ืช. ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืœืฆื‘ื•.

ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื’ืจื ืœื’ื™ืจื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจ. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช 50 ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ืืงื–ืžื”. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ืืงื–ืžื” ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืฉืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.

ืืžื ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืืงื–ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกืจืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืืงื–ืžื”. ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืงื–ืžื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื (ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื) ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื™. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืจื•ืื™ื ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ ืœืขื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืขื™ ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.

ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง

ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืืชื’ืจืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื›ื” ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ ืœืขื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืืงื–ืžื”. 

ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ืืงื–ืžื” ืืฆืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื. ืžื˜ื-ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืื—ืช ืžืฆืื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœืงื˜ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืก ื•ื‘ื™ืคื™ื“ื•ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ื•ื ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืงื–ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืœืฆื‘ื•.

ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืฆืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช. ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื. ืชืคืจื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื“ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื”. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืขื“ 25% ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ื” ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืœ ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืœืง. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชืคืจื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘-pH ื”ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื’ืข ืขื ืฉืชืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื™ืงืจื•-ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืื”.

ื’ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืงื ื“ื™ื“ื™ืื–ื™ืก ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืืฆืœ ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืกื•ืคื’ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง. ื’ื ืงืจืžื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื—ื™ืชื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื.

ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ (ืงืœื ื“ื•ืœื”)

ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช 73 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืงืœื”. ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ ื”ื ืฆืžื— ืžืจืคื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืคืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืจื’ืขืช ืขื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื—ื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช 66 ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืจื™ื—ืช ืžืฉื—ื” ืขื ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ 3 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 10 ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื.

ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ ืืฆืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ-ืกืžื™ื•ืช, ืืงืจืื™ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• 100 ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 6 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืช ืขื ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืงื• ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช. ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืช ื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ. 88% ืžื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ืชื•ืš 6 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื”ืžืจื™ื—ื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช 54% ืžื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ. ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ 3 ื™ืžื™ื 86% ืžื”ืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชืคืจื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช 52% ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื” ื‘ืงืจื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ ื—ืชื•ืœ.

ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ืžืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืกื•ืคื— ืœื—ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืœื•ืง ืจืขืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืžืจ ื‘ื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื˜ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืคืจื—ืช ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื, ืขืจื‘ื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ ืขื ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืฉื—ื”. ืžืจื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืคืจื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื ื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ, ื”ืกื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื˜ืœื™ืช ืจื›ื” ืขื ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ืžื™ื.

ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื’ืจ. ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืืš ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืžืจืื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

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