ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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iHerb ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืืชืจื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ืกืžืœ ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื˜ืข ื”ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“.

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ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸย ย ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืžืื•ืžืฆืช, ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช. ืืžื ื ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•. ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืคืฅ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ื”ื–ื”.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืื ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื

ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื. ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื”ย ย ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื•. ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื’ื™ื) ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื›-95% ืžื”ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืื•ื—ืกืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. 5% ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—, ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืืกืคืงืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชืื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ.ย ย ืื“ื ื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™-ืคื•ืกืคื˜, ืื• ATP, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”-ATP ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.ย ย ื›ืš, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”-ATP, ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืกืช ืฉืจื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ื•ืช.ย ย 

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจย ย ืชื•ืกืฃ ืงื“ื-ืื™ืžื•ืŸย ย ืœืคื ื™ ืจื™ืฆื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื—ื–ืง ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื’ืžื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื’ื ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืฆื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฆื”.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืฉืžื ื”

ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืื ื›ื™ ืžืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืงืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ. ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ื•ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.

ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ืย ย ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืœืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืืฆืช, ื•ืœื ืžืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.ย ย 

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ืžื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช

ืฉืจื™ืจื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืื’ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช "ืจืคื•ื™ื™ื". ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.ย ย 

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื•ืจ. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืžืจืื” "ื”ืจืคื•ื™" ืฉื ื’ืจื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ืชืช-ืขื•ืจื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืœืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื•, ืืœื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชืจืŸ.ย ย 

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืš ืžื™ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืกืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื‘ืืฃ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.ย ย 

ื›ืš, ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช British Journal of Sports Medicine ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื”ื–ืขื”. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืžืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืืœื” ืฉืœื ืฆืจื›ื• ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ.

ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืฆื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ืชืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ืฉืฆื‘ืจืชื

ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ื›ื•ื—, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ืขืœ ืžืกืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉ.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช

ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ืย ย ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸย ย ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื•-ื”ื™ื“ืจื˜.

ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข (ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-95%) ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื“ืงย ย ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื•-ื”ื™ื“ืจื˜. ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ื ื”.ย ย 

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื•-ื”ื™ื“ืจื˜ ืขื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืกืคื’ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช

ืจืงืžืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื ืงื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”. ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.ย ย 

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื•ื—ืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืกืคื™ื’ืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ื›ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ื’ืจื) ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืื• ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื™ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.ย ย 

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืจืง ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื

ื™ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ืจืง ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ืื™ื ื•ืœืฉืจื™ืจื ื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื’ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื.ย ย 

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžืกื” ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•

"ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื”ืขืžืกื”" ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช 0.3 ื’ืจื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืง"ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืš 5-7 ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื’ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ื’ื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ืจืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืžืกืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ

ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 2-3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืœืกื™ืจื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช.ย ย 

ื ื˜ืขืŸ ื’ื ื›ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื•ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœย ย ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸย ย ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืฉืœื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืจื•ื•ื™ื”, ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืงื‘ื™ืช.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื“ื•ืžื™ื•ืœื™ื–ื™ืก

ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื“ื•ืžื™ื•ืœื™ื–ื™ืก (ืชืžืช ืฉืจื™ืจ), ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืฉืœ ืจืงืžืช ืฉืจื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ืื– (CK) ื‘ื“ื. CK ื”ื•ื ืื ื–ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคืจืฉ ืžืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืคื’ื•ืขื™ื. ืืžื ื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”-CK, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช CK ืฉื ืงืฉืจืช ืœืจื‘ื“ื•ืžื™ื•ืœื™ื–ื™ืก.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื”

ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื–ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืงื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ืช.ย ย ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื’ืจื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช 10 ื’ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื ืขืœื” ื‘-37%.ย ย 

ื›ืš, ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื”ื•ื 3-5 ื’ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžืกื” ืฉืœ 20 ื’ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืคืฆืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื’ืจืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื.

ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช

ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื. ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืจ ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืกื ื ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื“ื ื•ืžืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืชืŸ.ย ย 

ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืจืžืช ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”.ย ย 

ื›ืš, ื’ื ืื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ.ย ย 

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš. ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืžื›ืš ืฉืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืชื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช.

ื”ืขืจื”: ื›ืžื• ืขื ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ืื• ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื›ื‘ื“. ื’ื ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ืŸ.

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

  1. Feldman EB. Creatine: a dietary supplement and ergogenic aid. Nutr Rev. 1999 Feb;57(2):45-50. 
  2. Kley RA, Vorgerd M, Tarnopolsky MA. Creatine for treating muscle disorders. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 1.
  3. Branch JD. Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition and performance: a meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2003 Jun;13(2):198-226. 
  4. Greenwood M, Kreider RB, Melton C, Rasmussen C, Lancaster S, Cantler E, Milnor P, Almada A. Creatine supplementation during college football training does not increase the incidence of cramping or injury. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Feb;244(1-2):83-8. 
  5. Steenge, G. R., Lambourne, J., Casey, A., Macdonald, I. A., & Greenhaff, P. L. Stimulatory effect of insulin on creatine accumulation in human skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism,275(6), E974-E979 (1998).
  6. Buford, T.W., Kreider, R.B., Stout, J.R. et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 4, 6 (2007).
  7. Hultman E, Soderlund K, Timmons JA, Cederblad G, Greenhaff PL. Muscle creatine loading in men. J Appl Physiol. (1996) 81:232โ€“7.
  8. Buford TW, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine supplementation and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. (2007)
  9. Ostojic SM, Ahmetovic Z. Gastrointestinal distress after creatine supplementation in athletes: are side effects dose dependent? Res Sports Med. 2008;16(1).
  10. POORTMANS, JACQUES R.; FRANCAUX, MARC Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: August 1999 - Volume 31 - Issue 8 - p 1108-1110.

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“