ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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האם NAD+ באמת עובד? מדוע קו-אנזים זה עשוי להיות המפתח לעיכוב הזדקנות

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ืžื”ื• NAD+?

ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืื“ื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“ (NAD+) ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. NAD+ ืื• ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืื“ื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ  ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B3. ืืžื ื ื–ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B3, ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ B3, ื›ืžื•  ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื•-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“  ื•ื’ื  ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื–ื™ื“ (NR),  ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืชืื™ื.1-4

NAD+ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืชืื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืชืื™ื ื•ืžื™ื˜ื•ื‘ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ ืื• ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“, ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘-NAD+ ืžืกืชืžื ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื.1,2

ืžื” ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ NAD+?

NAD+ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื ืฉื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ". ืžื™ื ื”ื "ื”ืžืžืก ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™". ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.  

ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ NAD+, ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ. ืžื™ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื˜ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื—ืœืงื™ืง ื‘ืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ื—ืœืงื™ืง ื‘ืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™. ืื ืื˜ื•ื ืžื™ืžืŸ ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™. ืœืื˜ื•ื ืžื™ืžืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื•ืžื“ ืœืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ืฉืžืœื™.  

ื”ืคืœื•ืก ื‘ืฉื "NAD+" ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช NAD ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืขื ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช NAD+ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื˜ื•ื ืžื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช NADH. ื›ืฉื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื›ืš NAD+ ื•-NADH ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืฆืžื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ-ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ", ืžื•ื ื— ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ-ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช NAD+ ืœ-NADH ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™, ืืฉืจ ืžื ื˜ืจืœ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ NAD+. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช NADH ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืžื˜ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืฉืœื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคืœื•ืก. ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช NADH ืื™ื ื” ื˜ืขื•ื ื”, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.

NAD+ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.

ื’ื NAD+ ื•ื’ื NADH ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืชืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื”. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,  ืงื•-ืื ื–ื™ื Q10  ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉ-CoQ10 ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืžืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœ) ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืœื ืคืขื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ). ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช CoQ10 ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื”, NADH ืžื•ืกืจ ืœื™ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ ืื˜ื•ื ืžื™ืžืŸ ื•ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืš ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœ. ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืื•ืกืคืช ืืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืื– NADH ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ-NAD+.

ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ NAD+ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ NADH. ื”ืชืื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื NADH ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ NAD+ ืœื, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš. ื”ืชืื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื’ื ืœ-NAD+ ื•ื’ื ืœ-NADH ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉืงื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ื "ื, ืงืจื•ืžื™ ืชืื™ื, ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื.  

ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ NAD+ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ NADH

NAD+ ื•-NADH ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. NAD+ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืžื—ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื•ืกืชื•ืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, NAD+ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ึผืื™ื ื™ื. ืœืœื NAD+, ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชืื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžืฉื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื•ืœื•ื•ืกืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื“ืœืงืชื™ื™ื. ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ึผืื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ NAD+ ื’ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.5

ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ NAD+ ืฉื ืœื—ืžืช ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื˜ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืžืชืงืชืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืชื. ื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื™ ื”ืชื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื–ื“ืงืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืงืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ื˜ืœื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื "ื (ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืœื ื•) ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ืœื•ืžืจ ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื™ื. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชื. NAD+ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืงืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ืžืจื™ื.1,2,5

ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื•ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช

NAD+ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชืื™ื. ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืชืื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ NAD+ ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœืจื“ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื–ืืช, ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:1,2,5

  • ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ื•ืœืจืžื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืžืื•ื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื
  • ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช
  • ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื
  • ื”ื™ื“ืœื“ืœื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ืœ (ืกืจืงื•ืคื ื™ื”)
  • ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื’ื™ืœ
  • ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ืœ  

ืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช NAD+

ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื“ืœืงืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช" ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืืฆืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช.  

ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช NAD+. ื“ืœืงืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืื ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื CD38 ื‘ืชืื™ื. ื”ืื ื–ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืžืคืจืง ืืช NAD+, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื ืชื—ื™ืœื ื™ื ืฉืœ NAD+.6,7  ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืคึผื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ึนืœื™ื ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื•  ืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ,  ืงื•ื•ืจืฆื˜ื™ืŸ, ืœื•ึผื˜ืื•ึนืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ CD38.8,9

ื’ื•ืจื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ NAD+ ืž-NADH ืืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ื ืื ื–ื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื‘ืฉื NQO1 ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ NAD+. ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ื“ ืืช NQO1 ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื’ืŸ ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื".  

ืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ NQO1 ื ืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืขืœื ื™ื, ืœืจืžื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืชืื™ื. NQO1 ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื NADH ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช  CoQ10  ืžืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืœื ืคืขื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ) ืœืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” (ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ), ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ NAD+. NQO1 ื’ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉืคืขื•ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ K, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื“ื, ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.  

ื™ืขื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืŸ NQO1. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืจืืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื Nrf2, ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ BET ืžื•ื›ึผืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืฉื•ื‘, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ึนืœื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“  ืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช NQO1 ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช Nrf2, ืœืขื›ื‘ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ BET ืœืฆื“ CD38 ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ ืœืฆื“ ืชื—ื™ืœื ื™ NAD+ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช NAD+.5,10,11

ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืฉืœื•, ืœืฆื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ึผืื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื“ืœืงืชื™ืช ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™.12,13  ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ื•ื 500 ืขื“ 1,000 ืž"ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื.  

ื”ืขืœืืช ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช NMN ื•-NR

ืœืื•ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ NAD+ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ื•ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™  ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื•-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“ (NMN)  ื•ื’ื  ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื–ื™ื“ (NR)  ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช.  

ืฉืชื™ ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ  ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B3.  ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžืช NAD+ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจืžื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช NR ื•-NMN ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช NAD+", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžื•ืช NAD+ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.  

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื-ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ NR ื•-NMN ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ืชืื™ืช.3,4  ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืžืื” ืžื—ืงืจื™ื) ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืฉืœ NMN ื•-NR ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ NMN ืื• NR, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื. ืื– ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™.  

ื‘ืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ? NMN ืื• NR?  

ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ  ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื–ื™ื“ (NR), ืขื ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ื”ืขืงื” ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืชืฉืขื” ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื NR. ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ NAD+, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช.3  

ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ NR ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื. ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“"ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืกื™ื ืงืœื™ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื™  ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื•-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“ (NMN)  ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืจืžื•ืช NAD+. ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื ื•ื˜ืœ 1,000 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ NMN ื‘ื™ื•ื (ืœืฆื“ 1,000 ืž"ื’ ืจืกื‘ืจื˜ืจื•ืœ). ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉ-NMN ื™ื“ื’ื™ื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ NR.14  

ืืžื ื ื’ื NR ื•ื’ื NMN ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื•ืช NAD+, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœ-NMN ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.14-16  ืžืื—ืจ ืฉ-NMN ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ื“ ืœ-NAD+ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื•, ื•ื’ื ื–ื•ื”ื” ื ืฉื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืืฉืจ ืžื›ื ื™ืก NMN ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชืื™ื, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ NR. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื’ื ืื ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืคื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ NR ื—ืœืงื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืขืช ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”-NR ืžืชืคืจืง ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืืช NAD+, ื•ื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื›ื‘ ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืกื™ืจื˜ื•ึผืื™ืŸ.17,18  

ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”-NR ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื” ืœื ื™ืืฆื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ NMN ืžืขื ื™ืง ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ NR. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื NMN ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ืœ. ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• NMN ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฆืคื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื, ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื, ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื, ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.19  ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• NMN ืขืœื• ื‘ืขื“ 80%. NR ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.  

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ื’ื NMN ื•ื’ื NR ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืขืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื“, ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ื—.20,21  ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœ-NR ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™.21  

ืœืฆื“ ื“"ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืกื™ื ืงืœื™ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“, ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ NMN ื”ื•ื ื“"ืจ ืฉื™ืŸ-ืื™ืฆ'ื™ืจื• ืื™ืžืื™ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื ื˜ ืœื•ืื™ืก, ืžื™ื–ื•ืจื™. ืžื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ-NMN ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืชื•ืจื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื“"ืจ ืื™ืžืื™, ืื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืจื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ NMN ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ  ื ื™ืงื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื ื•-ื ื•ืงืœืื•ื˜ื™ื“ (NMN)  ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 250 ืœ-500 ืž"ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ  ื ื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ืŸ-ืืžื™ื“ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื–ื™ื“ (NR)  ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 1,000 ืž"ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืื• ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.16,22

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

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  8. Ruan Q, Ruan J, Zhang W, Qian F, Yu Z. Targeting NAD+ degradation: The therapeutic potential of flavonoids for Alzheimer's disease and cognitive frailty. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Feb;128:345-358.
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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“