ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืคืจืกื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2017 | ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2022 

ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืง? ื’ื ืื ื™! ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื–ื” "ืจืข". 

ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืงืœื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืœื—ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืฆื™ื, ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ. 

ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืกื•ื›ืจ, ื•ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื“ืœืง ืืช ื’ื•ืคื ื•. ืืžื ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคืงื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืžืžืชื™ืง ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ื ืื”. ื™ืฉ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื”ืžืชืงืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื.

ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื›ืจ?

ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื ืคื—ืžื™ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื (ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื). ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชืคืจืงื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–, ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”. 

ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. 

  • ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื–ื•ืงืง, ืžืžืชืงื™ื ืื• ืœื—ื ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืชืขื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื•ืฆืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“.
  • ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื“ื’ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ืจื– ื—ื•ื ืื• ืงื™ื ื•ืื”, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืงื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.

ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ (GI) ืžื’ืœื” ืœื ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›-17 ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.1 ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืชื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-56 ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืชื™ืข! ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืืจื‘ืข ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช: ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื, ืžื–ื•ืงืงื™ื, ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ื•ื”ืœื™ื™ื.

ืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ?

ืกื•ื›ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื›ืžื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช. ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืง ืืช ื˜ืขืžื. 

ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ. ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžืงื ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืกืœืง ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื™ืจืง ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ื’ื ืงื ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื’ื ืกืœืง ืกื•ื›ืจ ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ ืื—ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืงื ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ. 

ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืคื—ื ืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ืจื•ื›ื•ืช. ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืคืจื”, ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ.2 ืืžื ื ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื ื ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื›ืจ ื›ื–ื”. ืกืœืง ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ืืœื ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ืงื ื” ืกื•ื›ืจ. ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™. 

ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ

ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื (ืกื›ืจื™ื“ื™ื). ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืื—ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“-ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื. ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ืื• ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื–, ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•-ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื.

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:

  • ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–: ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืžื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื“ื’ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–.3 ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื– ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ. 
  • ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื–: ื“ื•-ืกื•ื›ืจ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื– ื•ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจื•ื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
  • ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื–: ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื– ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื•-ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื›ืžื• ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื–, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืชื™ืจืก ืขืชื™ืจ ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ื–. 

ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื, ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง. ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืž-6% ืžื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›-25 ื’ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•-38 ื’ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื.4 ืื ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ, ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. 

7 ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ

ื”ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœืžื“ื™. ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื“ื“ ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ื•ื”ื ื’ื ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืชืคื•ื—ื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืžืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื›ื.

  1. ืคืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื:ืคืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”. ืžืžืชื™ืง ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ืคื™ 100-250, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื›ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื ืชื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืžืชื™ืงื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื, ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ืคืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืขื ืืจื™ืชืจื™ื˜ื•ืœ, ืกื•ื›ืจ ื›ื•ื”ืœื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช.
  2. ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืžื™ื™ืคืœ: ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืžื™ื™ืคืœ ืžื•ืคืง ืžืœืฉื“ ืขืฅ ื”ืื“ืจ. ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืžื™ื™ืคืœ ื”ื•ื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ืื• ืœื“ื‘ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื“ื“ ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื›ื™ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืžืชื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. 
  3. ืกื•ื›ืจ ืงื•ืงื•ืก: ืกื•ื›ืจ ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืœืฉื“ ืขืฅ ื”ืงื•ืงื•ืก. ืกื•ื›ืจ ืงื•ืงื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืขื ืจืžืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœืกื•ื›ืจ ืงื•ืงื•ืก ืžื“ื“ ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ืชื• ืœื ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืขื ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก 1:1.
  4. ืชืžืจื™ืืชืžืจื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืฉืœื’ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื. ืชืžืจื™ื ืžืœืื™ื, ืกื™ืจื•ืค ืชืžืจื™ื ื•ืžืžืจื— ืชืžืจื™ื ื”ื ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืžืชืงืช ืกืžื•ืช'ื™ ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืืคื”. 
  5. ืืœื•ึผืœื•ึนึนื–: ืืœื•ึผืœื•ึนึนื– ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชืžืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื ืกืคื’ ืœืื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืื‘ืงื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื’ื ืœื”ืžืชืงืช ืชื” ืื• ืงืคื”
  6. ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื”ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืชื™ืง ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฆืžื—ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื™ 200-300 ืžืกื•ื›ืจ, ืืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืืคื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ. 
  7. ืกื™ืจื•ืค ื™ืืงื•ึผืŸ: ืกื™ืจื•ืค ื™ืืงื•ึผืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžื“ื“ ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืžืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืžื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื.  

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืืœื ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืื—ืจืช. 

ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ

ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื 2020-2025, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืž-10% ืžื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช.5 ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื’ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.  

ืืžื ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืจืงื•ืช. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื. 

ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ืฉืง ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืกื•ื›ืจ, ื•ื–ื• ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืžืชื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•. ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ืง ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื. 

ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ

ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจืช ืกื•ื’ 2 ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘.6 ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ื”ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืืจื•ื–ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืฆื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื:

  • ืืœ ืชื—ื–ื™ืงื• ืงื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืื• ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ ื•ืื—ืกื ื• ืื•ืชื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ ืžื˜ื‘ื—.
  • ืคื–ืจื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื (ืืœื ืื ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืขื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช). 
  • ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœื›ื. 
  • ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืืคื™ื™ื” ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืชื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื. 

ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”

ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขืชื™ืจืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ืกื•ื›ืจืช. ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. 

ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉืืชื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจื’ืฉื™ ืืฉื ื•ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ื›ืฉืชืื›ืœื• ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื. 

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Department of Health U, Services H. Cut Down on Added Sugars. Published online 2015.
  2. Vegetarian Journal Mar/Apr 97 Sugar and Other Sweeteners -- The Vegetarian Resource Group. Accessed September 18, 2022. https://www.vrg.org/journal/vj97mar/973sugar.htm
  3. Macdonald IA. A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(Suppl 2):17. doi:10.1007/S00394-016-1340-8
  4. Added Sugars | American Heart Association. Accessed September 18, 2022. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/sugar/added-sugars
  5. Agriculture USD of, Services USD of H and H. Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020-2025. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;9. doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.1.121
  6. Get the Facts: Added Sugars | Nutrition | CDC. Accessed September 18, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/data-statistics/added-sugars.html

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“