ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืงืช ืžื”ื–ืจืขื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืกื” ื•ื”ืงืจื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช (Citrus ร— paradisi). ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ. ืืžื ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.

ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช:

  • ื‘ื™ื•-ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช: ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืกืœืง ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชืื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืขืงื” ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช. ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืœืงืช ื•ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.
  • ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื: ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื•ืจืฆื˜ื™ืŸืจื•ึผื˜ื™ืŸ, ื ืจื™ื ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ืŸ, ืœื”ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื“ืœืงืช ื•ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ. 
  • ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C: ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C, ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ.
  • ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E: ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E โ€Žื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื˜ื•ืงื•ืคืจื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช.

ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ึผื›ึผืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. 

1. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช

ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื ื’ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans ื•ื”ื–ืŸ Salmonella. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืžืฆื ืฉืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื’ืจืื-ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื’ืจืื-ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ื—ืกื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื” ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืง ืืช ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. 

ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื›ื‘ ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื. 

ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืขื ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกื˜ืคื™ืœื•ืงื•ืงื•ืก ื–ื”ื•ื‘ ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืžืชื™ืฆื™ืœื™ืŸ (MRSA). ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืข ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื‘ื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื. ื–ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™. 

ื”ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ. ืžื—ืงืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื›ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืŸ ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืง Pseudomonas. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœืžื™ืฅ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ืฉืชืŸ ืžืฉืœืคื•ื—ื™ืช ื”ืฉืชืŸ ื•ืžืฆื ืชืจื™ ืฉืชืŸ. 

2. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช

ื”ื•ื“ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™-ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืชื™ืช. ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื›ื‘ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื™ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ Candida. ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืœื (ืงืจื•ื) ืคื˜ืจื™ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืกืชื™ืžื•ืช.

3. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืœื

ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื, ืฉื ืฆืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ืชืื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืœื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื“ื. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืชืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืจื™ืจื™ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ืจื™ืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. 

ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืœืžื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžืฆื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืžืคืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ืคื™ืœื", ืœืฆื“ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ืžื• Nโ€Ž-ืืฆื˜ื™ืœ-ืฆื™ืกื˜ืื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืกืจืืคืคื˜ืื–

4. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื•ื™ืจืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช

ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืฉืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœืื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช. ืืžื ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื ืจืื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•-ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C.nbsp;โ€Žื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸnbsp;ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื–ื“ืงื ื•ืช. ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคืงื™ื ืžืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืขื ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื ืจื™ื ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ืŸ, ืจื•ึผื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืงื•ื•ืจืฆื˜ื™ืŸ, ื”ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื. ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C โ€Žื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืžืงื“ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื’ืŸ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชืื™ื ืžื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื.

ื ืจื™ื ื’ื™ืŸ ื•ื ืจื™ื ื’ื ื™ืŸ, ืฉืชื™ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช, ื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื-ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ื™ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืœืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืœื‘ ื•ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื.

ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืื™ ื“ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืชืื™ B ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื ื™ื ื•ืžืžืœืื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.

ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ื’ื ืžื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืœื”. ื’ื ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื“ืœืงืช ื•ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช.

ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžื•ึผืกืฃ ืœืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืืจื™ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžืืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืžื ื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื-ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื.

ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ

ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ื•ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืงืช ืœื‘ืœื‘ ื—ืจื™ืคื”. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืกื˜ืจืก ืขืœ ืชืื™ ืจื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”, ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื’ื™ื ื”. ืืžื ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ.

ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ื– (ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: IBS) ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื ืคื•ื—ื”, ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื•ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘-IBS ืขื ืฉืžืŸ ื ืขื ืข ื—ืจื™ืคื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืžื™ืŸ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื‘ืžืขื™ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ื–.

ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืืงื–ืžื” ื•ื’ื ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ื–, ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”-IBS ื›ืžื• ื’ื–ื™ื ื•ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื ื™ืช.

ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช

ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™. ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคืจื™ื—ื” ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ืœื’ืจื“ ืื• ืœืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื• ืืœืจื’ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืจ. 

ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืœืœื™ ื“ื, ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื, ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ื’ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ืืช ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื›ืจื•ื P450 ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช. ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื. ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื™-ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ืื• ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื, ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ ื”ืžืขื™. ืื ืืชื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื’ื•ืจื ืจืคื•ืื™.

ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื—ืงืจื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ื”ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ืœื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื ืงื”.

ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ื˜ื™-ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื–ืืœืงื•ื ื™ื•ื ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“, ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื“ืจืš ื”ืคื”. ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื’ื•ืจื ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืช

ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื• ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืขื ื ื•ื–ืœ. ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 100 ืขื“ 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื ืœืžื ื”, ืื—ืช ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ื.

ื™ืฉ ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื’ื“ืช ื“ืœืงืช ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช. ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื’ื•ืจื ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื–ืจืขื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื”.

ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช:

  1. Reagor L, Gusman J, McCoy L, Carino E, Heggers JP. The effectiveness of processed grapefruit-seed extract as an antibacterial agent: II. Mechanism of action and in vitro toxicity. J Altern Complement Med. 2002;8(3):333-340.
  2. Han HW, Kwak JH, Jang TS, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Lee HH, Lee JH. Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Derived Antibacterial Substance against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Jan 18;10(1):85.
  3. Tsutsumi-Arai C, Takakusaki K, Arai Y, Terada-Ito C, Takebe Y, Imamura T, Ide S, Tatehara S, Tokuyama-Toda R, Wakabayashi N, Satomura K. Grapefruit seed extract effectively inhibits the Candida albicans biofilms development on polymethyl methacrylate denture-base resin. PLoS One. 2019 May 28;14(5):e0217496.
  4. Krajewska-Kuล‚ak E, Lukaszuk C, Niczyporuk W. Ocena wpล‚ywu 33% ekstraktu z grejfruta na wzrost grzybรณw drozdzopodobnych, dermatofitรณw i pleล›ni [Effects of 33% grapefruit extract on the growth of the yeast--like fungi, dermatopytes and moulds]. Wiad Parazytol. 2001;47(4):845-9.
  5. von Woedtke T, Schlรผter B, Pflegel P, Lindequist U, Jรผlich WD. Aspects of the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract and its relation to preservative substances contained. Pharmazie. 1999;54(6):452-456.
  6. Oyelami OA, Agbakwuru EA, Adeyemi LA, Adedeji GB. The effectiveness of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) seeds in treating urinary tract infections. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Apr;11(2):369-71. 
  7. Osungunna MO, Onawunmi GO. Anti-adhesion and antibiotic modulatory evaluation of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juice and seed extract on bacteria isolated from urine and catheter. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research. 2016;4(1):25-38. ISSN 0719-4250. 
  8. Komura M, Suzuki M, Sangsriratanakul N, Ito M, Takahashi S, Alam MS, Ono M, Daio C, Shoham D, Takehara K. Inhibitory effect of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) on avian pathogens. J Vet Med Sci. 2019 Mar 30;81(3):466-472. 
  9. Kang ST, Son HK, Lee HJ, Choi JS, Choi YI, Lee JJ. Effects of Grapefruit Seed Extract on Oxidative Stability and Quality Properties of Cured Chicken Breast. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2017;37(3):429-439. 
  10. Heidary Moghaddam R, Samimi Z, Moradi SZ, Little PJ, Xu S, Farzaei MH. Naringenin and naringin in cardiovascular disease prevention: A preclinical review. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 15;887:173535.
  11. Dembinski A, Warzecha Z, Konturek SJ, Ceranowicz P, Dembinski M, Pawlik WW, Kusnierz-Cabala B, Naskalski JW. Extract of grapefruit-seed reduces acute pancreatitis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats: possible implication of tissue antioxidants. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;55(4):811-21.
  12. Brzozowski T, Konturek PC, Drozdowicz D, Konturek SJ, Zayachivska O, Pajdo R, Kwiecien S, Pawlik WW, Hahn EG. Grapefruit-seed extract attenuates ethanol-and stress-induced gastric lesions via activation of prostaglandin, nitric oxide and sensory nerve pathways. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov 7;11(41):6450-8. 
  13. Jade K. Grapefruit seed extract: uses and benefits. University Health News. 2013. Accessed September 15, 2023.

โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“