ื”ืขื“ืคืชื›ื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœ
ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื›ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ื‘
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ย ย ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืคืจื•-ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื•ย ย ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ Aย ย ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš. ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืจืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื, ื›ืชื•ื ื•ืฆื”ื•ื‘. ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1831 ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœื”ืœื ื•ืืงื ืจื•ึนื“ืจ, ืฉื”ืคื™ืง ื’ื‘ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจ.

ืžืื– ื”ืชื’ืœื• ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•-ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื”. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื™ืœื”, ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืจืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A.

ืžื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ?

ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื

ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ, ืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืคืจื•-ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืœืจื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœ (AMD) ื‘ืขื“ 35%. ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขืฉื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืจืื™ื” ืขืงื‘ AMD.

ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื ื™ืช, ื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืŸ. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ืœื™ืœื” ืœืงื•ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.

ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื•ย ย ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขืงื” ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžืžืกื›ื™ื ื•ืžืงืจื™ื ืช ืขืœ-ืกื’ื•ืœ. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืขืงื” ื”ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื’ื•ืฃ. ืขืงื” ื—ืžืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืจืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืฉื‘ืฅ, ื˜ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื. ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื“ืœืงืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.

ืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื•ย ย ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ื ืงืฉืจื• ืœื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ

ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื›ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ.

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ื ืช ืขืœ-ืกื’ื•ืœ ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงืžื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื, ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืชืžื™ ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื”.

ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืงื ื” ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืฆืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงื™ืœื•ืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ืชื—ืœื•ืคืช ื”ืชืื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชื•ืจื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืจ.

ืื ืืชื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื–ื•ืฃ ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืขืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื•ืชืจื“, ืžืœื•ืŸ, ื“ืœื•ืจื™ืช, ื’ื–ืจ, ื‘ื˜ื˜ื”, ืคืœืคืœ ืื“ื•ื ื•ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืžืฉ. ื’ื ืขืฉื‘ื™ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืžื•ย ย ืคืคืจื™ืงื”, ืคื˜ืจื•ื–ื™ืœื™ื”,ย ย ืžืจื•ื•ื”ย ย ื•ื›ื•ืกื‘ืจื”ย ย ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ.

ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœย ย ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืชย ย ืื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ืจืขื™ ืขื ื‘ื™ื, ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ืื• ืื›ื™ืœืชย ย ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื–ืจืขื™ืืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ.

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขืชื™ืจืชย ย ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืฉืชื•ืจื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชืงื™ืŸ.

ืขืงื‘ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชืื™ ื”ืืคื™ืชืœ, ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉืžืฆืคื™ื ืืช ืจืงืžืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจย ย ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ Aย ย , ืœืฆื“ ืชืช-ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืจืขื” ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืืžื ื ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A. ืืฆืœ ืื•ืชื 20% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืคืœืกืžื” ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขืจืš ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื ืžื•ืš.

ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ืœืชืžื•ืชื” ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื•. ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืจืžืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A.

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ

ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ.

ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืจืื• ื›ื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืขืงื” (ืกื˜ืจืก), ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืจื“ื”.

ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื• ื›ื™ ื™ืฉย ย ืœื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื›ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืกื˜ืจืก. ืžื—ืงืจ ืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœื” ืืจื•ื›ืช-ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš 15 ืฉื ื” ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื.

ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ

ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขืฉื ื™ื, ืขื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืื• ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืืกื‘ืกื˜ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืงืฉืจื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืืœื•.

ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”

ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืคืจื•-ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.ย ย ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸย ย ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืžืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืจ. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ื•ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืจื‘-ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ, ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชื.

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื•ืงืจื•ื˜ื ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื›ืจืช, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ื“ืœืงืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ืžื—ืœืช ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.

ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืžืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืจืžืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืจืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A. ืื›ื™ืœืช ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื•ืงื“ื• ื•ืื’ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืกืคื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื-ืงืจื•ื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ืก ื‘ืฉื•ืžืŸ.

ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ืกื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ:

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โ€‹ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ:โ€‹ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ,,, โ€‹ื”ืฆื’ ืขื•ื“